northern pearlyeye | skymeadows

northern pearlyeye (Enodia anthedon)

CONFIRMATION STATUS: Confirmed.

FAMILY: Nymphalidae

SUBFAMILY: Satyrinae

IDENTIFICATION: Antennal clubs are black. Upperside is brown with

dark eyespots. Underside is brown; submarginal row of 4 black spots

on forewing is straight and the dark line inside it is sinuous. Spots

are not surrounded by diffuse white.

WING SPAN: 1 3/4 - 2 5/8 inches (4.5 - 6.7 cm).

LIFE HISTORY: Males perch on tree trunks or vegetation up to 10 feet

above ground at edges of clearings to wait for females. Eggs are laid

singly on the host plant; third- and fourth-stage caterpillars hibernate.

FLIGHT: One brood in the north from June-August, two broods in the

south from May-September.

CATERPILLAR HOSTS: Various grasses including white grass (Leersia

virginica), bearded shorthusk (Brachyelytrum erectum), plumegrass

(Erianthus), broadleaf uniola (Uniola latifolia), and bottlebrush

(Hystrix patula).

ADULT FOOD: Dung, fungi, carrion, and sap from willows, poplars,

and birch.

HABITAT: Damp deciduous woods, usually near marshes or water-

ways; mixed or grassy woodlands.

RANGE: Central Saskatchewan and eastern Nebraska east to Nova

Scotia, south to central Alabama and Mississippi.

CONSERVATION: Not usually of conservation concern.

NCGR: G5 - Demonstrably secure globally, though it may be quite

rare in parts of its range, especially at the periphery.

MANAGEMENT NEEDS: None reported.

SKY MEADOWS OCCURRENCE:

Note: Due to seasonal conditions in this region, occurrence may vary from

year to year. The designation of occurrence may range over two or more

categories and may vary even during a single season.

Key to Checklist

A   Abundant: Easy to see very large numbers of individuals in appropriate habitat
      at proper time of year.
C   Common: Usually each to see good numbers of individuals in appropriate habitat
      at proper time of year.
U   Uncommon: Sometimes found in appropriate habitat and proper time of year,
      usually in low numbers.
O   Occasional: Found in appropriate habitat perhaps only a few times a year, usually
      in low numbers.
R   Rare: Small chance of being found, even in appropriate habitat at proper time of
      year. There are few individuals and may not be present every year.
X   Extirpated: Formerly present, no longer occurs in Sky Meadows Park.